Indian Automobile Industry Essay

A. Presentation The Automotive Industry in India is one of the bigger markets on the planet and had recently been one of the quickest developing universally, yet is currently observing level or negative development rates. India’s traveler vehicle and business vehicle fabricating industry is the 6th biggest on the planet, with a yearly creation of more than 3.9 million units in 2011. As indicated by late reports, India overwhelmed Brazil and turned into the 6th biggest traveler vehicle maker on the planet, grew 16 to 18 percent to sell around 3,000,000 units throughout 2011-12. In 2009, India developed as Asia’s fourth biggest exporter of traveler vehicles, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.In 2010, India beat Thailand to become Asia’s third biggest exporter of traveler vehicles. Starting at 2010, India is home to 40 million traveler vehicles. More than 3.7 million car vehicles were created in India in 2010 (an expansion of 33.9%), making the nation the second (after China) quickest developing car showcase on the planet in that year. As indicated by the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, yearly vehicle deals are anticipated to increment to 4 million by 2015, not, at this point 5 million as recently anticipated. Most of India’s vehicle producing industry is based around three groups in the south, west and north. The southern group comprising of Chennai is the greatest with 35% of the income share. Chennai, with the India activities of Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan, BMW, Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo and PSA Peugeot Citroã «n is going to start their tasks by 2014. Chennai represents 60% of the country’s car trades. The western center point close to Mumbai and Pune adds to 33% of the market. The Chakan hallway close Pune, Maharashtra is the western bunch with organizations like General Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, Land Rover, Jaguar Cars, Fiat and Force Motors having gathering plants in the region. Nashik has a significant base of Mahindra and Mahindra with a SUV get together unit and an Engine gathering unit. Aurangabad with Audi, Skoda and Volkswagen additionally shapes some portion of the western bunch. The northern group around the National Capital Region contributes 32% of the Indian market. Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana structure the northern group where the country’s biggest vehicle maker, Maruti Suzuki is based. Another developing bunch is in the province of Gujarat with assembling office of General Motors in Halol and further made arrangements for Tata Nano at their plant in Sanand. Passage, Maruti Suzuki and Peugeot-Citroen plants are additionally set to come up in Gujarat. Kolkata with Hindustan Motors, Noida with Honda and Bangalore with Toyota are a portion of the other car producing areas around the nation. B. Significant Players The Major Market Players C. Item Segmentation While there are different methods of fragmenting this industry like dependent on cost and motor size however the most common and the official technique depends on measurement. for example the length of the vehicle viable. A1 Segment †Mini †Up to 3400mm (M800, Nano) A2 Segment †Compact †3401 to 4000mm (Alto, cart r, Zen,i10,A-star,Swift,i20,palio,indica and so forth) A3 Segment †Midsize †4001 to 4500mm (Manza, City, Sx4, Dzire, Logan, Accent, Fiesta, Verna and so on) A4 Segment †Executive †4501 to 4700mm (Corolla, community, C class, Cruze, Optra, Octavia and so forth) A5 Segment †Premium †4701 to 5000mm (Camry, E class, Accord, Sonata, Laura, Superb and so forth) A6 Segment †Luxury †Above 5000mm (Mercedes S class, 5 arrangement and so forth) B1 Segment †Van †Omni, Versa, Magic and so on B2 Segment †MUV/MPV †Innova, Tavera, Sumo and so forth SUV Segment †CRV, Vitaraetc While it is simple for SIAM to fragment the vehicles according to measurements however for customers, it turns into a touch troublesome. This is principally a direct result of the broadly fluctuating/spread out costs of the vehicles. A 2 section, according to the above rule, will run between 3 lakhs to 7 lakhs. What's more, A 3 will be between 4.5 to 9 lakhs. Such wide variety in costs has misshaped the picture of portions in the brains of shoppers. Subsequently, for effortlessness purposes, an alternate division has sprung up. The subtleties are as per the following:- A Segment †Approximately underneath 3.5 lakhs †Alto, Eon, Nano, Spark, 800 B 1 Segment †Hatchback to a great extent beneath 6 lakhs †Wagon R, Indica, Beat, Santro, A Star, Micra, Estilo B 2 Segment †Hatchback significantly beneath 7.5 lakhs †Swift, I 10, I 20, Ritz, Figo, Polo, Liva, Vista, Jazz, Punto, Brio, Fabia, Pulse, Aveo UVA C 1 Segment †Sedan beneath 8 lakhs †Dzire, Indigo, Etios, Sunny, Fiesta Classic, Verito, Accent, Ambassador, Aveo C 2 Segment †Sedan underneath 9.5 lakhs †Linea, Manza, Verna, Rapid, Vento, City, SX 4, Verna New, Optra D 1 Segment †Premium Sedan beneath 15 lakhs †Corolla, Civic, Cruze, Laura, Jetta, Fluence D 2 Segment †Luxury Sedan beneath 25 lakhs†Superb, Passat, Accord, Camry, Sonata, Teana, Kizashi B1 Segment †Van †Omni, Versa, Magic and so on B2 Segment †MUV/MPV †Innova, Tavera, Sumo and so on SUV Segment †CRV, Vitaraetc In the event that we break down the first Quarter of 2012-13, at that point complete vehicle deals has been around 6.32 lakh units. The hatchback fragments has totaled to 56% of the whole traveler vehicle deals in India. This comes to 355857 units. This unmistakably shows the ubiquity of littler vehicles in the Indian market. Alto keeps on being the top selling brand with 17422 in July. It is trailed by Swift (11421) and Wagon R (9582) †all Maruti brands. This means that how well the Maruti group has comprehended the Indian market. I 10, I 20, Nano, Beat, Figo, Santro& Polo are a portion of the high selling models in these fragments and these models keep on timing in excess of 3000 units month to month. Nano has been a failure so far with immense desires however it is giving a flexibility off late. As a fragment, the Utility portion is demonstrating the most extreme development. Truth be told, this section has bulldozed the other mainstream fragments of A, B 1 and B 2. With 128110 units under its hood in the first quarter, the portion is certainly gaining some great ground. Maruti’sErtiga, Mahindra’s XUV 500 and Bolero has been instrumental in pushing the volumes of this portion. Innova and Omni too are rounding up acceptable numbers. What has been disillusioning is the exhibition from the Tata Motors stable Venture, Safari and Sumo have been indicating consistent decrease in the numbers fundamentally yet unquestionably have gigantic potential to challenge different models. Among the cars, Maruti Dzire keeps on standing out. With 11413 numbers in July, it is path in front of its next model Verna (5300). The notorious models of City, Linea, SX4 have been indicating steady under development and genuinely requires some contemplation by their particular makers. Vento and Rapid additionally gave a little room to breath however given the hostility of VW and Nissan, it wont be well before they begin to pull in great numbers. Tata’s Indigo and Manza were on a somewhat negative landscape every one of these months however some way or another the pattern has been switched in July. 6816 for these 2 models betokens well for the organization. D. Indian Automobile Industry : Barriers to Entry (and Exit) Barriers to section (or, BTE) are whatever prevents the development of firms into an industry. That is, BTE lessen or take out the section of new organizations into an industry. Once in a while BTE can be practically difficult: no new firms can enter an industry. Different occasions BTE can hinder the passage of new firms: new firms show up however just moderate. Extremely low BTE, nonetheless, implies that new firms can enter the business generally quickly. What can go about as a BTE ? 1. Measure of capital The measure of capital required to enter the automobile business is in billions of dollars. Along these lines, not many pariahs can ever would like to enter the business. This major monetary necessity benefits as a critical obstruction to passage for some businesses. The car producing industry is viewed as exceptionally capital and work serious. The significant expenses for delivering and selling cars include: * Labor While machines and robots are assuming a more prominent job in assembling vehicles, there are as yet generous work costs in planning and building autos * Advertising Each year automakers burn through billions on print and communicate publicizing, moreover, they spent a lot of cash on statistical surveying to foresee buyer patterns and inclinations 2. Constrained limit of parts providers Existing parts providers have scaled back their tasks to the point that they don't have abundance limit. 3. Rivalry There are now critical quantities of entrenched contenders. 4.Government guidelines The tough guidelines with respect to security, plan, discharge norms and eco-friendliness may at times go about as an impediment. 5. Patent assurance laws This may forestall the utilization of specific advancements with ease. 6. Promoting Promoting another brand can be troublesome and over the top expensive. 7. Economies of scale Economies of scale give enormous makers a noteworthy cost advantage over little adversaries. Where a firm has developed extremely enormous and noteworthy economies of scale exist, they can have cost seriousness. New contestants for the most part start little and in this way, have a lot higher unit creation costs than the monster firms. These new, little participants discover it almost difficult to get by against the huge adversary since they just can’t be cost serious given their a lot bigger unit creation costs. 8. Section stopping conduct A firm can shield itself from rivalry by purposely acting in a manner that persuades potential contenders not to enter the business. A few firms spend tremendous measures of cash on publicizing to

The Character Of The Pardoner In Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essays

The Character Of The Pardoner In Chaucer's Canterbury Tales The Pardoner's Tale is seemingly the best short account in Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. The story of three men that endeavor to slaughter Death, however amazing is an account of remarkable acumen, good, and diversion. These three characteristics are very obvious thinking about the genuine creator of these stories. What is amazing however is that the character that recounts to this incredible story is the Pardoner. There have been numerous investigations on Chaucer's characterisation of the Pardoner, the majority of which have focused on his flippant disposition or on his sexuality. Be that as it may, in this article an alternate side of the Pardoner will be investigated, his cleverness, his mind, his aptitudes, and even his ethics. One work specifically stands apart above from others in the two its culmination and in the hour of its distribution. Chaucer's Pardoner by George Lyman Kittredge, distributed in 1893, blocks the current candid, post-pioneer scholarly worldview in which a great part of the investigation on the character of the Pardoner has fixated on him as an eunuch and a gay. Rather Kittredge analyzes the Pardoner as a canny reprobate that encounters an interior good issue during the preamble, story and epilog. Kittredge's work centers around the consistency of the character of the Pardoner. To start with, the Pardoner as a hawker is inspected. For myn understanding is nat yet for to winne, What's more, no thing for remedy of sinne: I rekke nevere whan that they been beried In spite of the fact that that hir soules goon a-blakeberied. That is, as Kittredge makes note, the Pardoner is just worried about his own monetary profit. He has no worry for the renewal of ethics or for the honesty validity of those individuals endeavoring to atone. Additional proof of the Pardoner as a shameless double crosser is exemplified in his absence of worry for taking from poor people and starving. Al were it yiven of the least fortunate page, Or then again of the pooreste widwe in a town Al sholde hir youngsters sterve for starvation. It has no effect to him on the off chance that he is cheating widows or their destitute youngsters. Further case of the Pardoner as an irreverent character is appeared with his denounciation of the seven human sins. With regards to his fraudulent and critical mentality, he is liable of each of the seven. This last bit is commonly used to show the wrongs of the Pardoner however rather another understanding is made conceivable by his straight to the point pessimism. The Pardoner is an extremely hilarious character when he has the opputunity to act naturally as opposed to the pastor that he should claim to be while leading his business. This is best appeared in the way wherein he reviles his training and the reagard in which he holds himself. The cleverness of the Pardoner likewise agrees very well with his mind and mind. This story shows his knowledge and mind particularly in the conversation between the three colleagues and the elderly person. Presently sires, quod he, if that ye be so lief To finde Deeth, turne up this abnormal way, For in that woods I lafte him, by my fay, Under a tree, and there he wol stand: Nat for your lift he wol him no thing stow away. In this exchange the allies are looking for the individual of Death, while the elderly person is rather guiding them where they may discover their demises. Presently in spite of the fact that this is only one case of the mix of amusingness and knowledge in the character of the Pardoner, his actual insight is best exemplified by the remainder of the story that encompasses this discourse. It additionally appears that the insight of the Pardoner has gotten known to his fell voyagers. Also, right anoon thise gentils gan to crye, Nay, lat him telle us of no ribaudye. Tel us some ethical thing that we may lere, Some mind, and thanne wol happily heere. His partners don't need some revolting kidding story, they need a savvy moral story and the Pardoner promptly conveys with the story of the three sidekicks searching out Death. His expertise as a speaker of stories is obviously awesome, and we experience him at his best in this story. His fitness at narrating has additionally permitted him to show his expertise as a capable hawker. His business has acquired him over a hundred denotes his first year,

Quiz Go Wild Over These Collective Nouns for Animals

Quiz Go Wild Over These Collective Nouns for Animals (0) You may know school of fish, herd of cattle, or even pod of dolphins, but can you guess the collective noun for crocodile? Perhaps our multiple choice quiz on collective nouns for animals will give you a clue. It’s a rhyming word safari and the challenge is to uncover the answers hidden right in front of you. Looking to up your general English knowledge? Read our grammar guides to catch up on the basics, or run your next paper through the EasyBib plus grammar and spell check to receive suggestions on how to improve your writing. .wq-quiz-18285 { --wq-question-width: 100%; --wq-question-color: #009cff; --wq-question-height: auto; --wq-bar-color: #00c479; --wq-font-color: #444; --wq-background-color: #ecf0f1; --wq-title-size: 20; } Energetic, enthusiastic, or just happy not to become a lion-lunchâ€"when zebras graze side-by-side, this is what we call a bunch. a zeal of zebras a tribe of zebras a coat of zebras Correct! Wrong! Slow on land soaking up the sun, when _________ of crocodiles comes after you, you’d better run. a snap a troupe a bask Correct! Wrong! Perhaps it is difficult for humans to see, but when a group of hedgehogs views each other they spot variety. an array a union a troop Correct! Wrong! One beats his chest, another stamps his foot, the third bursts into song; when gorillas get together, they’ll have you dancing all night long. a squad of gorillas a fraternity of gorillas a band of gorillas Correct! Wrong! Walking in stately rows elephants don’t intend to put on a show, but when they walk together, no other word describes them better. a file of elephants a parade of elephants a concert of elephants Correct! Wrong! Government officials having nothing on these guys because when _________ of owls congregates their decisions are measured, controlled, and wise. a board of owls a parliament of owls a meet of owls Correct! Wrong! Where did they come from? Are they dropping from the sky? A bunch of grasshoppers appeared from nowhere. What shall we call this unusual surprise? a fib of grasshoppers a lock of grasshoppers a cloud of grasshoppers Correct! Wrong! What are you scheming, goldfish in a bowl? Escape may be nearby, but then where would you go? Flopping on land is no place for you. It doesn’t matter if you’re a group of nine, three, or two. a troubling of goldfish a college of goldfish a warren of goldfish Correct! Wrong! Is it jelly or better yet a jam? The name for a cluster of jellyfish sounds like a popular brand-named spread for toast, eggs, and ham. a smack of jellyfish a crowd of jellyfish a float of jellyfish Correct! Wrong! Dear deer, settle down. Everything will be alright. Your needs will be met, there is no need to fight. Hooves stamping all around, this is what we call deer in a crowd. a party of deer a bundle of deer a mob of deer Correct! Wrong! Animal Quiz Lion Leader Pat yourself on the back and take a bow! You’ve proved yourself to be an expert and have earned your place in the pride of lions! Lucky Leopard Nice job on scoring well and flexing your animal knowledge. It’s time to jump for joy with a leap of leopards! Worthy Wombat Not too shabby! You might want to polish your puzzle solving with a wisdom of wombats! Modest Mole Great try, though you’ve got some work to do. Try to dig in and study with a labor of moles! Share your Results: Facebook Twitter VK Cite this quiz or any source in your next research paper with ’s citing tools and guides! Create references with the APA citation generator, answer the question “what is MLA format,” learn a bibliography definition, review an MLA works cited example, and more.

Communism And The Soviet Union - 1681 Words

Have you ever had a case of the hiccups that you just couldn’t seem to get rid of? You tried all the tricks in the book, from holding your breath, to standing upside down, but those pestering hiccups still stuck around? In a sense, many Eastern European countries had a persistent case of the hiccups, during the early 1990s, which they were trying to shake. Except this wasn’t your average case of the hiccups, these hiccups were called communism. Following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, most post-Soviet satellite states began making the transition to become liberal democracies. However, the transition from communist governments to democratic governments was not necessarily a smooth one for most of the Eastern European countries. Decades of oppressive Soviet rule and deep-rooted communist parties made ties to the Soviet Union especially hard to cut. Ukraine, in particular, struggled mightily to break away from the Russian communists, and that struggle is still continuing today. In the form of a corrupt government and pro-Russian supporters in South and Eastern Ukraine, roadblocks were created on the Ukrainian road to democracy that they are still trying to maneuver. In analyzing the challenges posed to Ukraine in their continuing transition to a liberal democracy, it is important to start in 1990, when Ukraine officially declared independence. This declaration included principles of self-determination, democracy, and the priority of Ukrainian law over Soviet law.Show MoreRelatedCommunism And The Soviet Union1782 Words   |  8 PagesAfter World War II, the Soviet Union wanted to create more communist nations, especially along their western border, to prevent themselves from being vulnerable to attack from the West again as they had been from Nazi Germany. Countries like the United States and Great Britain did not want the Soviet Union to spread communism but some Eastern European countries that had been victims of the Nazi regime saw communism as a good way to prevent another fascist regime from rising. Combined with the factRead MoreCommunism And The Soviet Union Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pageseastern bloc popularly known as the United Social ist Soviet of Russia (USSR) and the western bloc dominated by United States and European countries. Now the Soviet Union supported socialist economic ideology and was prepared to ensure that the socialist countries remained socialist-by all means. On the other hand, United States and allies were for capitalism and were determined to spread it as far as possible. They detest socialism and communism because it was against building of business empiresRead MoreCommunism And The Soviet Union1853 Words   |  8 PagesOn December 26, 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was officially dissolved. While the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 was a sign that the Cold War was soon to be over, the breakup of the Soviet Union truly symbolised its end. After a bitter era of global fighting between capitalism and communism, each led by the United States and the USSR respectively, it appeared that, for better or for worse, capitalism had prevailed. Today, it looks like this indeed was the ca se. The People’s RepublicRead MoreCommunism And The Soviet Union979 Words   |  4 Pagesdistain for communism and the Soviet Union; they fanned the ideological flames between capitalism and communism rather than putting them out. Directly after the war the US created the Marshall Plan, where they gave $13 billion to European states. In President Truman’s speech ‘The Truman Doctrine’ he talks about Greece and Turkey and threatens if aid is not given, Greece’s democracy will be under threat by armed men supported by communists. This was a strategic ploy to prevent communism, by allowingRead MoreCommunism And The Soviet Union1314 Words   |  6 PagesCommunism in Eastern Europe was an ideology that took hold of the region for more than forty years. Each state fell into the Soviet sphere of influence after the end of World War II, and from then on until 1989, communism was the absolute norm for all of Eastern Europe. Though communism was the only fo rm of government found in the region, each state was unique in how it carried out its policies as some were more lenient than others. As time progressed through the Communist Era, there were changesRead MoreCommunism And The Soviet Union2261 Words   |  10 Pagestyrannical and bloodthirsty dictator who led the Soviet Union, wanted to spread Communist rule through Eastern Europe, China, and Korea, which the United States opposed. The world split between democratic countries backed by America and Communist countries supported by the Soviet Union, and birthed a conflict called the â€Å"Cold War,† because, as opposed to a â€Å"hot† war, there were no direct military confrontations between the main enemies. Stalin and the Soviet Union’s plan of world control caused AmericansRead MoreThe Fall Of Communism And The Soviet Union Essay2058 Words   |  9 PagesPrior to Putin’s 2001 State of the Nation address, Russia was dealing with the overwhelming effects of economic and political reform. The fall of Communism and the Soviet Union left Russia in a fragile state. When Putin references â€Å"the period of disintegration of the Statehood† he is referring to the lack of stability and legitimacy in Russia’s era of reformation in the 1990s that threatened the very existence of the nation. The sources and indicators of this disintegration can be found through anRead MoreCommunism And Marxist Ideologies And The Soviet Union912 Words   |  4 Pages After World War II the Soviet Union led by Stalin maintained a strong presence and influence in Central and Eastern Europe, specifically, Poland through the communist Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR). In this paper I aim to address the reason why communism and Marxist ideologies were unsuccessfully received in post war Poland. I will be arguing *that Marxism was made into a tool of oppression by the Soviet Union, and therefore became illegitimate in itself. I intend on arg uing this theory byRead MoreCommunism in the Soviet Union and Why It Failed1561 Words   |  7 PagesCommunism in the Soviet Union and Why it Failed Communism is defined as a system of political and economic organization in which property is owned by the community and all citizens share in the enjoyment of the common wealth, more or less according to their need. In 1917 the rise of power in the Marxist-inspired Bolsheviks in Russia along with the consolidation of power by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, the word communism came to mean a totalitarian system controlled by a single politicalRead MoreThe Soviet Union Responsible For The Consolidation Of Communism1776 Words   |  8 PagesESSAY PLAN To what extent was the Soviet Union responsible for the consolidation of communism in Eastern Europe in the period 1945-1953? Introduction During the aftermath of World War II, the Soviet Union was primarily responsible for the consolidation of communism in Eastern Europe. †¢ It was in the spring of 1948 that the Soviet Union had aggressively pushed for the imposition of Communist rule in most East European nations o Eastern Europe under Communist rule was comprised of Czechoslovakia

Is Flag Burning Protected By The First Amendment

The Debate Continues: Is Flag Burning Protected by the First Amendment? Adriana Ramirez First Amendment Dr. Helen Boutrous December 8, 2016 Mount Saint Mary’s University The First Amendment says: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people to peaceably assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. This freedom of speech clause as included in the First Amendment guarantees the citizens of America to express information and ideas freely. But is all form of speech free? On the most basic level, this clause allows for the expression of an opinion or idea without the fear of censorship by the government. It protects all forms of communication, with limits so you cannot always say anything you want, wherever you want, or whenever you want. Fighting words are not protected under the First Amendment, for instance, as are obscene expressions. Symbolic speech can be expressed in many different kinds of forms. The speech can be spoken, written, or be an action. All of these kinds of conduct could be said to express ideas in some ways, however, only some conduct is protected as symbolic speech. When the court analyzes these types of cases, they will ask the speaker about whether they intended on conveying a particular message and whether it was likely that the audience understood the message and theShow MoreRelatedSpeech Free Speech On The Freedom Of Speech1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe First Amendment says: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people to peaceably assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. This freedom of speech clause as included in the First Amendment guarantees the citizens of America to express information and ideas freely. But is all f orm of speech free? On the most basic level, this clauseRead MoreFlag Desecration Synthesis Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pages E5X-09  Ã‚   That Flag Should Not Be Protected The United States is known for being ‘land of the free’, a nation with a Declaration of Independence, as well, as a Constitution protecting the rights of it’s citizens. Wars have been fought and many people have died so we could have the rights that present today. The freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, and most importantly the right to petition our government; all of which fall under the First Amendment in the Bill of RightsRead MoreThe Flag Of The United States903 Words   |  4 PagesThe flag of the United States is our national symbol and our most important symbol of all; it symbolizes our nation’s strength and pride. Due to its high values and symbolism, by  1932, forty-eight states had adopted the flag desecration laws to legally protect and restrict desecration of the flag of the United States. However, these  flag desecration laws only lasted until 1989, because  in 1989, in the Texas v Johnson case,  the Unit ed States Supreme Court recognized that flag desecration as a formRead More The Flag-burning Debate Continues Essay examples1186 Words   |  5 PagesThe Flag-burning Debate Continues      Ã‚   Nazis captured Jim Rogers. He was routinely beaten and given barely enough food to survive. During the time he spent in a World War II prisoner of war camp, he managed to keep his sanity by scraping together bits and pieces of colored cloth in order to make an American flag. As his fellow prisoners began to die, it was his American flag which provided him with a sense of identity and gave him the inspiration to keep living.    It is no wonder, thenRead MoreA Landmark Supreme Court Case856 Words   |  4 PagesPresident that he burned an American flag in protest. By doing this, a statute in Texas was violated. This statute prevented the desecration of an American flag if it could possibly anger other people amongst the protest. Johnson was arrested and charged with this violation. He was later tried in court and convicted, but he made an appeal stating that by burning the flag he was expressing his rights of â€Å"symbolic speech† which are protected by the first amendment (uscourts.gov). The definition ofRead MoreA Political Demonstration Of The Dallas City Hall1118 Words   |  5 Pageswith burning an American flag in protest against the policies, where Reagan sought to stimulate the economy with large tax cuts. Johnson was tried and convicted, under Texas law, of the desecration of a venerated object. The State Court of Appeals affirmed the actions, until the case advanced to the Sup reme Court after the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals reversed the conviction, holding that the State (consistent with the First Amendment) could not punish Johnson for burning the flag in theseRead MoreFlag and Cross Burning as Free Speech Issues Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesThe first ten amendments to the Constitution better known as The Bill of Rights were developed by the Founding Fathers in order to protect specific rights of the people of that time. The First Amendment protected speech, religion and expression. The First Amendment was most probably protecting scientific discourse, music, literature and the arts of elite white males. In 1791, there was no protection implied or otherwise for women or black slaves. The cross burning of the Ku Klux Klan or flag burningRead MoreShould There Be A Constitutional Amendment Prohibiting Flag Burning?1637 Words   |  7 Pagesconstitutional amendment prohibiting flag burning? 1) Describe the issue. Who, what, when, where, why, etc. Some people believe that burning the flag is extremely unpatriotic and disrespectful, while others believe it is an expression of free speech, which is protected under the First Amendment in the United States constitution. In 2006, a flag burning amendment was formally proposed in congress and failed to pass by just one vote. The closeness of this vote is a clear indication that flag burning is aRead MoreEssay on Case Analysis Texas V. Johnson1292 Words   |  6 Pages1989 --- Decided: June 21, 1989 This case analysis of Texas v. Gregory Lee Johnson was a Supreme Court case that overthrew bans on damaging the American flag in 48 of the 50 states. Gregory Lee Johnson participated in a political demonstration during the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas, Texas, where he burned the American flag. Consequently, Johnson was charged with violating the Texas law that bans vandalizing valued objects. However, Johnson appealed his conviction, and his caseRead MoreFlag Burning Essays1065 Words   |  5 PagesFlag Burning Flag Burning can be and usually is a very controversial issue. Many people are offended by the thought of destroying this countrys symbol of liberty and freedom. During a political protest during the 1984 Republican Convention, Gregory Lee Johnson was arrested for burning an American flag. Years later in 1989, Johnson got the decision overturned by the United States Supreme Court. In the same year, the state of Texas passed the Flag Protection Act, which prohibited any form

How To Basic Free Essays

Put the pan on stand 2. Put the oil on the pan after that put the pepper 3. Wait,what will happen next. We will write a custom essay sample on How To Basic or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reaction: -The pepper was added on the oil then a fire suddenly appeared on the bowl the potassium permanganate is an oxidant that added on brick fluid is a kind of fuel. Fuel and oxidant need to release energy in form of heat. Fire is The result of their combustion Experiment: 2 Monster Head Experiment Dry ice Martial and Pestle Rubber Balloon Funnel Bottle with Water Teaspoon 1 . Put The Dry ice on Mortal and pestle then bowdlerized it. 2. Get the balloon and put the funnel on a balloon 3. Put the two teaspoon of dry ice on the balloon,After that get the bottle with water and put the Balloon on the bottles 4. Put the opening of the balloon into the bottle mouth until the dry ice is consumed. Reaction: -The dry ice was put inside the balloon using funnel and the balloon was placed on the bottle filled with water. They let the ice went down and dissolved. A smoke released and the balloon became inflated. The Dry ice is a Frozen Carbon dioxide that’s hay it is solid became gas and it is called sublimation. This gas is a carbon dioxide that helps the balloon to be inflate. Experiment : 3 Salt Smoke Bomb Wick Aluminum tray Salt peter Lighter Tong Procedure: 1 . Put the aluminum tray on the stand 2. Put one teaspoon of sugar and one teaspoon of salt peter and then mixed it. 3. Put the wick in the middle of aluminum tray. 4. Light up the wick. The salt peter and sugar with the ratio one is to one as put on an aluminum tray. The wick was put in the middle of it. They put a fire using lighter the smoke release the salt peter and sugar is a reason why oxidation occurred. Salt peter or potassium nitrate is a kind of oxide or chemical that attacks electrons. Sugar is a kind of reducer or chemical that gives electrons when the sugar and salt pepper lightened,the oxygen increased that’s Hay the kind of mixtures change. The other molecules released with oxygen and this is the smoke. Date:November 3, 2013 Experiment: 1 Levitate or Floating CD Materials CD Magnet CD Rack -Theses in The rack are not together because of the magnet placed under the CD. Every magnet has a north and south pole,There are two possibilities its either opposite attracts or same repels. Len our experiment The CD with magnet repels but not attached to each other so there can’t attach whenever we push each other, Fountain Of Beads Beads Glass -The Beads put in a glass,then you will remove it inside the glass without using your bare hands. The Science behind the experiment is the centers around the principle of inertia. Lintier is the tendency of all object and matter in the universe to remain still,or if moving continue moving in the same direction. Experiment: 3 In-Attention Experiment -In This Experiment They will test your attentiveness. They have an activity that you need to focus your mind,There is a group of dancer that will dance and one of the member is the one that will focus on. Reaction Paper In Science Ill Melody Jacobson Ill-David Hilbert (19) How to cite How To Basic, Papers

Communication Technology And Information †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Communication Technology And Information? Answer: Introduction: In the recent century, the use of information and communication technology called ICT as well as the internet has taken a n important position and is continuing to grow n all the regions of the world. Studies show that 37% of the world population is using internet extensively and it is calculated to be about 2 billion people all over the world. Researchers have clearly stated that the growth of users of social media is growing hand in hand both with the general population and also in health care community (O'Connor, Jolliffe, Stanmore, Renwick, Schmitt, Booth, 2017). To be more specific social media is often defined a s a group pof internet based applications which help in developing technological as well as ideological foundations. They are also helpful in creating and exchanging of user generated content (Ferguson, 2013). The different types of domains which had gained attention are the collaborative projects like Wikipedia, content communities like the YouTube, blogs and micro bl ogs like the twitters social networking sites like the Facebook, virtual social lives like the Second life and many others (Peck, 2014). They are now seen to be embedded in the gathering of information as well as sharing strategies which is helping modern people in revolutionizing the way people communicate. This assignment will portray how social media is associated with the nursing professional and the various benefits and risks associated with them. Eventually, it will help to discuss the different ethical and legal issues that remain associated with nursing profession and how nurses are coping with the trend in healthcare. Social media relevant to an Australian Context: Social media has provided a great scope for practicing the best healthcare interventions by the Australian healthcare system. World health organization is now been seen to maintain a Face book page, a Twitter page and also a significant presence is also maintained in YouTube. They are mainly using the social media in order to disseminate the public health information and also help in countering rumors so that the public has the right information (Ventola, 2014). They also help to make the public aware of any diseases outbreaks as well as different disasters. It had been seen that WHO has been successful in making people aware of the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic and had almost about 11,700 followers. It has been stated ironically by researchers that a message outbreak can spread through the Twitter at a very fast rate than the influenza virus itself (Tuominen, 2014). Social media has been used extensively within and outside the healthcare community. It has fur reaching implications for the nursing professionals as well as in healthcare services and is help in the increasing of the opportunities so that communication and be conducted both at a personal level as well as the professionals levels. This can be achieved by enhanced access to different information by both the public as well as the healthcare providers. Moreover social media is now used by healthcare organizations, institutions and education programs. Professionals, ethical, regulatory as well as legal issues are properly addressed effectively through social media(Ferguson, Inglis, Newton, Cripps, Macdonald, Davidson, 2014). Legal and ethical issues related with use of social media: Nursing often face various legal as well as ethical isues when they try to use social media dor best healthcare.The first potent issue that often poses a threat to the service providers and also to the service users are the unmoderated content which is often published on the social media. These often lead to the development of wring ides and notions among the different stakeholders as they do not have an idea about the truth and the evidence behind the information. It is not often misleading and may cause the healthcare professional to develop wrong notion and also wrong ideas which may have ethical as well as legal consequence. Often improper treatment suggested by less experienced nurses can lead patients or fresher nurses to wring directions which may make them engaged in ethical dilemma or legal battle with other stakeholders. Moreover they are also threatening to human lives (Archibald, 2014). A good example which the Australian nurses can take into consideration to understand a bout its harmful effect is that during the Earthquake of Japan in 2011, people were scared of radiation leaks. It was published on many healthcare sites that taking large quantities of salt along with the drinking of iodinated wound cleaner will help to protect form this situation. However, WHO came forward and handled the situation by properly tackling the rumor through Twitter and explained the false claim preventing people to follow this trend blindly. The second issue which may be faced as the result of the presence of social media in nursing is the ethical and legal complications associated with breaches of privacy and confidentiality rights of stakeholders.. Breaches may happen in different ways where a patient is described in a detailed way with a large amount of information which gets easily identified or by a way which is referring to particular patient in a degrading as well as demeaning manner. Many professionals may also post video or photos of patients due to certain grudges against hem which will eventually be breaches in privacy and confidentiality and for these, the professionals would be held accountable and will be charged of ethical and legal obligations. Surveys have shown where professional have been intentionally or unintentionally sharing patients information and different events on social networking sites for which complaints had been launched. Often leaking of companys policies, secrets, goals, turnovers and m any others in healthcare industry may lead to violation of companys policy for which the accused would be held accounting and her license could also be canceled (Isaacson, 2017). An example was given by an article were bulletin of Canadian nurses how leakage of the first name of patient and her information by the nurse on her colleagues Facebook page led the employer to pose a charge against the nurses due to breach of privacy legislation. These should be learnt by the Australia nurses so that they do not perform any activities while handling social media in Australia. The third risk is unprofessional behaviour that remains associated with the trend of social media not only in nursing profession but also in every domains of work. Social media is used as a platform for many healthcare professionals for bullying their colleagues as well as their employers along with online criticism of their colleagues an also leading to unprofessional behaviors that lad to breaches in codes of conduct and codes of ethics. Often it has been seen that medical students as well as residents provide images that contain alcohol, different types of misogynist statements, radically toned language as well as foul languages which totally goes against the nursing ideals, principle and nature of profession(Loader Vromen, 2014). Often healthcare employers go through an aspirants social media accounts in order to develop an idea about his or her activities and ideas of life, any negatively of controversy around such aspirants on the social media may reduce his or her chance of g aining a good job. Civil lawsuits are often lodged against nurses who makes derogatory comments about another person or institutions on the social media with an allegation of defamation and his may lead to complete destruction to the career of the nurse. Best nursing practices: Best serving practices of the nurses have positive realstionship with the responsible use of social media in their daily practices. A rich information results from the use of social media and nursing professionals are instilling such knowledge by gaining accessibility to that information. Therefore social media indeed acts as a very important resource for healthcare nursing research (Usher, et al., 2014). This can be supported by an example where nurses can use the data mining techniques which help in the determination of the nature of communities from different physical activity related twitter content. Moreover twitter is also used by them to develop idea about the prediction and tracking of the different disease outbreaks like influenza. Many nursing educators are using the social media successfully as a learning medium where they are conducting education programs. These education programs are helping to establish a communication platform with the current and past potential students so that they can connect and share information effectively (Billings, 2015). A very good way is to connect with the help of Facebook with former nursing students so that they can support any particular nursing research. Moreover using this medium as a place where they can dialogue amongst themselves and also with the larger nursing community. Freshers can learn from the experienced nurses and the experienced can also get help to be in lieu with the current trends of nursing teachings (Kung Oh, 2014). Avery good example about how fresher can learn about handling their ethical dilemma or legal obligations form experienced nurses so that they can know how top handle them effectively. Therefore social media helps nurses to remain in communic ation with a huge number of skilled nurses and listening about their experiences help them to develop their own skills and knowledge without wasting valuable time in the workplace and thereby increasing productivity (Dijck, 2013) In many cases, it is seen that many healthcare professionals as well as many different regulatory organizations are using this media platform so that they can develop a two way dialogue with the help of he public as well as the healthcare professionals. a similar type of program was developed by the the Canadian Nurses Association, DENOSA in South Africa, the Royal College of Nurses of Australia, the Cyprus Nurses and Midwives Association and many others are seen to perform such social media interactions with their members of the public. A successful event was organized in the year 2012 when a live social media event was held under the governance of the Nursing Midwifery Council. This was termed as the Talking with patients online: What are the boundaries?. It had a huge number of followers for about 24000 and his shows the kind of popularity and also the example of the popularity and the different scope of the research that they can get (Bottorff, Struik, Bissell, Graham, Stevens, Richardson, 2014). The social media has become successful in connecting every nurses of the world and this can be discussed with the help of an example. International council of nurses or the ICN has been responsible in developing a particular kind of support system called the Connecting Nurses initiative. Connecting Nurses are seen to provide a forum for nurses from each and every corner of the world (Ashton, 2016). This had helped the nurses to share not only then ideas and advices but also the innovations in the nursing field. This had been a successful venture of the ICNs eHealth Programme which had the main motive of transforming nursing through the different visionary application of the ICT. Two programs are present under the governance of the ICN which are the Information Shareapy as well as the Care Challenge. The former is the prototype of the patient education service for midwives and nursing professionals where each can share links to different high quality and reputable health resources with a number of stakeholders like patients, families, colleagues and friends. Moreover such programs also help to connect with each other and also with other health professionals (Grajales III, 2014). They also help to interact with patients and stay updated about the latest practices in the fields mostly collaborative projects, social networks and content communities are noticed which bring fruitful results and develop the quality of care provided to patients. The later is the Care Challenge program which is a challenge that encourages nurses to from different parts of the world to highlight interesting nursing innovations and put them into practice. The nurses upload their ideas, forming a content community. In the year, 2012 about 20 entries were awarded with financial initiatives and support was provided for their innovations. Conclusion: Social media is one of the most important medium of communication in the present generation. It is helpful in the healthcare industry as it had become successful in developing ways by which nurses can develop their skills and knowledge and be up to date about the different innovations in nursing all over the world. Different regions have had different innovations and upgradation of technologies and when these are discussed on the platform, it is being known by people all over the world. These help in developing the quality of nursing and providing the best care to patients. However, a number of potential risks also remain associated with it. Bullying on social media, unprofessional behaviour, improper image presentation of nursing profession, presence of unmoderated content, privacy concerns, confidentiality breaches and many others all lead to negative results in the lives of patients, career of healthcare profession affecting the stakeholders in different ways, therefore it is impo rtant to use the social platform in a responsible way s that it can be vehicle for health benefits and quality lives rather than harm for an individual. References Archibald, M. M. (2014). Twitter and nursing research: how diffusion of innovation theory can help uptake. Journal of advanced nursing . Ashton, K. S. (2016). Teaching nursing students about terminating professional relationships, boundaries, and social media.. Nurse education today , 170-172. Billings, D. M. (2015). Teaching in Nursing-E-Book: A Guide for Faculty. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bottorff, J. L., Struik, L. L., Bissell, L. J., Graham, R., Stevens, J., Richardson, C. G. (2014). A social media approach to inform youth about breast cancer and smoking: An exploratory descriptive study. Collegian , 159-168. Dijck, V. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford University Press. Ferguson, C. (2013). It's time for the nursing profession to leverage social media. Journal of advanced nursing , 745-747. Ferguson, C., Inglis, S. C., Newton, P. J., Cripps, P. J., Macdonald, P. S., Davidson, P. M. (2014). Social media: a tool to spread information: a case study analysis of twitter conversation at the Cardiac Society of Australia New Zealand 61st annual scientific meeting. Collegian , 89-93. Grajales III, F. J.-L. (2014). Social media: a review and tutorial of applications in medicine and health care.. Journal of medical Internet research , 73-89. Isaacson, K. . (2017). Strategies for Developing Family Nursing Communities of Practice Through Social Media. Journal of Family Nursing , 73-89. Loader, B. D., Vromen, A. . (2014). The networked young citizen: social media, political participation and civic management. O'Connor, S., Jolliffe, S., Stanmore, E., Renwick, L., Schmitt, T., Booth, R. (2017). A mixed study systematic review of social media in nursing and midwifery education: Protocol.. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Peck, J. L. (2014). Social media in nursing education: responsible integration for meaningful use. Journal of Nursing Education , 164-169. Tuominen, R. S. (2014). Social media in nursing education: The view of the students. Education Research International, . Usher, K., Woods, C., Casella, E., Glass, N., Wilson, R., Mayner, L., et al. (2014). Australian health professions student use of social media. Collegian , 95-101. Ventola, C. L. (2014). Social media and health care professionals: benefits, risks, and best practices. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, , 491.

Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay Essay Example

Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay Paper 1/A thesis proposal submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Management. College of Economics. Management and Development Studies. Cavite State University. Indang. Cavite. in partial fulfilment of the demands for graduation with the grade of Bachelor of Science in Business Management. major in Business Economics. Prepared under the supervising of Dr. Nelia C. Cresino. INTRODUCTION Soft drinks can follow their history back to the mineral H2O found in natural springs. Bathing in natural springs has long been considered a healthy thing to make and mineral H2O is said to hold healing powers. Scientists shortly discovered that gas carbonium or C dioxide is behind the bubbles in natural mineral H2O. Soft drinks by its term are drinks that are non alcoholic drinks. Carbonated soft drinks are besides referred to as sodium carbonate ( About. com. 2011 ) . What is particular about soft drinks is that it is really easy to happen and that all people could avail it. It is truly good in fulfilling thirst of an person. It gives a reviewing feeling particularly on a really hot conditions. Harmonizing to the research conducted by the Gale Group Farmington Hills Michigan ( 2008 ) . the soft drink industry began in the mid-1880s. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis About Soft Drink Dealership Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer During the early old ages. soft drinks were sold merely in shops that could supply fountain service. Increasing distribution was tied to constructing extra sirup fabrication workss. The first marketed soft drinks appeared in the seventeenth century as a mixture of H2O and lemon juice sweetened with honey. In 1676 the Compagnie de Limonadiers was formed in Paris and granted a monopoly for the sale of its merchandises. Sellers carried armored combat vehicles on their dorsums from which they dispensed cups of lemonade. Sari-sari shops remains the largest distribution channel in 2011. little vicinity retail mercantile establishments called sari-sari shops accounted for the largest proportion of gross revenues in soft drinks. Located in vicinities. these mercantile establishments make merchandises easy accessible to lower- and middle-income consumers. particularly in provincial countries where modern channels such as convenience shops and supermarkets are located in retail centres that are far from residential countries. It should besides be noted that Filipino consumers typically do non purchase in majority and shop soft drinks merchandises at place. Therefore. sari-sari shops become a convenient channel for purchasing soft drinks in the favorite smaller and returnable glass packaging ( euromonitor. 2011 ) . For franchise one will necessitate a batch of collateral. The sum is based on the country of distribution. Soft drink franchise is profitable. but one should hold to watch out for a batch of things where one can lose money like breakage. larceny. etc. The trader should be 200 % hands-on because of the hard currency and tonss of recognition that will be handled. Based on the trial on the gross revenues office of Coca-cola. Pepsi-cola every bit good as Royal Crown in Cavite there are 52 soft drinks traders in the state. Soft imbibe franchises every bit good as other concerns contribute to the betterment in the economic status of people in a certain country or field and the community in general. Therefore. the profitableness of its operation is deserving analyzing. Statement of the Problem Specifically. the survey seeks to reply the undermentioned inquiries: 1. What are the socio economic features of soft drink traders in Cavite? 2. What is the income of soft drinks traders in Cavite? 3. What is the profitableness of soft drinks franchise concern? 4. What are the jobs encountered in soft drinks franchise? Conceptual Framework. The model of the survey which is composed of the socio-economic features as the input. the franchise as the procedure and the net income as the end product is shown in Figure 1. The socio-economic features of the soft drink traders such as age. gender and educational background will be the used as input in runing a franchise concern. The end product which is the net income of the concern will be based from the input which will be processed in runing the concern to bring forth the net income. Figure 1. Conceptual model of the profitableness of the soft drinks franchise in Cavite. Aims of the Study Generally. the survey will be undertaken to find the profitableness of soft drinks franchise in Cavite. Specifically. it aims to: 1. describe the socio-economic features of soft drink traders in Cavite ; 2. determine the income of soft drinks traders in Cavite ; 3. determine the profitableness of soft drinks franchise in Cavite ; 4. identify the jobs encountered in soft drink franchise concern. Importance of the Study The prospective investors can utilize this information as footing in make up ones minding to come in into the soft drinks franchise concern. This will supply a good beginning of informations for their feasibleness survey. The pupil and research workers can utilize the consequence of the survey as mention to hold a deeper survey about soft drink franchise in Cavite and other related researches. From the consequence of the survey. the soft drinks trader will hold an thought of the current state of affairs of other traders and compare their pricing schemes with the other soft drink traders in Cavite. Scope and Limitation of the Study This survey will be conducted to analyse the profitableness of soft drink franchise in Cavite. It will be conducted from October to December 2012. The respondents will be the proprietors. directors. or owner-managers of soft drink franchise concern. The survey focused chiefly on the socio-economic features of the respondents. income of soft drink traders and jobs encountered in soft drinks franchise concern. Lone traders of soft drinks such as Coca-cola. Pepsi- Cola and Royal Crown will be interviewed. Accounting minutess for one twelvemonth period. 2011 will be included in the analysis of income. The information that will be used in the survey will be limited to what the respondents will supply during the interview. Operational Definition of Footings. Cost of sale refers to an disbursal incurred by soft drinks traders which is obtained by multiplying the monthly gross revenues volume by unit cost. Gross income refers to the monthly sum hard currency sum received by soft drink traders from the concern. Net net income refers to the entire hard currency sum left to the soft drink trader after subtracting all relevant disbursals from the entire gross revenues. Profitableness is the ability of soft drink traders to better the fiscal place of the concern. The ratios that will be used are: Gross Net income Margin. Operating Net income Margin and Net Net income Margin. Gross saless volume refers to the monthly measure of soft drink sold by soft drink traders. Soft drinks is the chief merchandise traded by the soft drink traders to their consumers. This include carbonated drinks such as Coca-cola. Pepsi- Cola and Royal Crown. Soft drinks traders refer to the individual who sells soft drinks for hard currency. Entire cost/ disbursal refers to all disbursals incurred by soft drink traders in a month. Entire gross revenues refers to the entire sum of soft drinks sold in a month. It is obtained by multiplying the unit merchandising monetary value by the monthly gross revenues volume. METHODOLOGY. This chapter will discourse the research process to be used in the survey. This will be presented in the undermentioned subdivision: 1. ) research design. 2. ) beginning of informations. 3. ) informations assemblage process. 4. ) research instrument. 5. ) method of analysis. Research Design The cross- sectional study research design will be used in analyzing the profitableness of soft drink franchise in Cavite. This design will ease happening the replies to inquiries on socio-economic features of soft drink traders. income of soft drink traders. profitableness of soft drinks franchise and the jobs encountered in soft drink franchise concern. In the cross sectional study design. informations will be collected at one point in clip from October to December 2012 from a sample selected from a population at the peculiar clip. Beginnings of Data The respondents for this survey will be the soft drinks traders in Cavite. A list of soft drink traders in every town was requested from the gross revenues office of the different companies such as Coca-cola. Pepsi- Cola and Royal Crown Cola in Cavite. viz. : Alfonso. Amadeo. Bacoor. Carmona. Cavite City. Dasmarinas City. Gen. Trias. Imus. Indang. Kawit. Maragondon Naic. Noveleta. Rosario. Tagaytay. Tanza and Trece Martirez City. Merely towns that have soft drink traders will be included in the survey. Data Gathering Procedure The information to be used in the survey will be gathered through interviews with the assistance of questionnaires. Trial to the different towns of Cavite will be done to find the figure of soft drinks traders. Table 1 shows the distribution of respondents by merchandises and by towns. A sum of 52 respondents will be included in the survey. Table 1. Distribution of respondents by merchandises and by towns. PRODUCT/TOWNFREQUENCYPERCENTAGE Pepsi- Cola Carmona 2 4 Bacoor 3 6 Dasmarinas 3 6 G. M. A. 1 2 Silang 3 6 Coca-cola Amadeo 1 2 Bacoor 4 7 Cavite City 1 2 Dasmarinas 3 6 Gen. Trias 2 4 Imus 2 4 Indang 1 2 Kawit 1 2 Maragondon 1 2 Naic 1 2 Rosario 3 6 Tagaytay 1 2 Tanza 2 2 Ternate 1 4 Trece 1 2 Royal Crown Cola Alfonso 1 2 Bacoor 2 4 Carmona 2 4 Cavite metropolis 1 2 Dasmarinas 1 2 Gen. Trias 1 2 Imus 3 6 Noveleta 1 2 Silang 1 2 Tanza 1 4 Martirez 1 2 Entire 52 100 Percent Research Instrument The questionnaire will be used as the chief assemblage tool of informations. The questionnaire is divided into 5 parts. The first portion is about the general information of the respondents. The 2nd portion will concentrate on the signifier of concern organisation. and the 3rd portion will focus on on the patterns and schemes in doing net income. The 4th and the last portion include the concern income and outgos of the soft drink traders and the jobs encountered in soft drink franchise. Method of Analysis Frequency count and per centum will be used to depict the socio-economic features of soft drink traders. factors impacting the income of soft drink traders and jobs encountered by soft drinks traders. Fiscal tool such as profitableness ratios will be used to mensurate the earning capacity of the concern. The ratios that will be used are: Gross Net income Margin. Operating Net income Margin and Net Net income Margin. Gross net income border. Measures the per centum of each peso gross revenues staying after the house has paid for its goods. The higher the gross net income border. the better. the lower the comparative cost of merchandize sale. Gross net income border = Gross net income Gross saless Operating net income border. It determines the per centum of each peso gross revenues that is represented by runing net incomes. It measures the overall operating efficiency and incorporates all the disbursals associated with the ordinary or normal concern activities. Operating net income border =net runing income Net gross revenues Net net income border. See income after cost. Operating cost and revenue enhancements have been deducted. Net net income border is divided by net income after revenue enhancements by net gross revenues. In analysing the income of soft drink traders the expression that will used to work out the net income is: NI =TS – TC Where: NI = net income TS = entire gross revenues TC =total cost Return on disbursals. Measures the gaining power of the concern for every peso spent. It is obtained by spliting the net income after revenue enhancements by the entire disbursals. ROE= net income after revenue enhancements Entire expense REVIEW 0F RELATED LITERATURE Carbonated Soft drinks Dealers Soft drinks are liquids which contains C dioxide. In the old ages that followed. many fluctuations of carbonated drinks. the procedure of carbonation can happen of course belowground or unnaturally. it is through supercharging. Examples of carbonated drinks include spring H2O. beer and sodium carbonate. or dad. Best illustration is Coca-Cola which is the family name all over the universe. Makers of carbonated drinks use caramel colourising more than any other colour in the nutrient industry. Carbonated drinks can by and large be 90 percent H2O. They are most normally associated with being non-alcoholic. although by definition beer is besides a carbonated drink ( Jeanne. 2011 ) . Harmonizing to the Pinoy Progress Philippines. Com. The Filipino Beverage Industry is composed of companies bring forthing ice tea drinks. soft drinks and Colas. energy drinks. milk. juice drinks and mineral H2O. In the soft drinks or soda class Coca-Cola and Pepsi of the US dominate. The soft drinks section of this industry right now is dominated still by the two American giants–Coke and Pepsi ( pinoyprogress. com2012 ) . Royal crown soft drinks are besides the taking trade name of soft drinks for the Filipinos. Geting Filipinos to appreciate RC Cola. a century-old trade name founded in Columbus. Georgia is something that the local bottlers of RC Cola have been making daily for the past eight old ages ( Manila Bulletin. May16. 2011 ) . Pepsi Cola Products Philippines reported its gross revenues figured being down to $ 2. 74 million in 2008 from $ 3 million in 2007. This is expected to be a consequence of people’s turning orientation towards healthier drink options ( Filipino Beverage Industry. 2009 ) . Consumption of and Gross saless of soft drinks The ingestion of carbonated soft drinks is high. and is fast making impregnation. So future growing in the Philippine soft drinks market is expected to come from non-carbonated soft drinks. says â€Å"Philippines Food and Drinks Market: Emerging Opportunities† . the latest research on the Filipino nutrient and drinks market ( Philippines Food and Drinks Market: Emerging Opportunities. Feb. 2009 ) . Status of gross revenues in soft drink industry has been good public presentation over the recent old ages. Enjoying high per capita ingestion among Asiatic states. The gross revenues of soft drinks are expected to come to make 6 Billion Liters in 2008. 23 % up over 2005 ( Philippines Food and Drinks Market: Emerging Opportunities. Feb. 2009 ) . Small retail mercantile establishment which is called sari- saree shops is accounted for the largest proportion of gross revenues in soft drinks. Because it is easy accessible to lower- and middle-income consumers. particularly in provincial countries where modern channels such as convenience shops and supermarkets are located in retail Centres that are far from residential countries ( Euromonitor. com2012 ) . In the Philippines. the competition in the carbonated drinks becomes stronger. The Coca-Cola Export Corp remains the unchallenged leader in the Philippine soft drinks class. The Coca-Cola Co is able to provide to lower-income consumers through its fully-owned subordinate Cosmos Bottling Corp. which manufacturer’s competitively-priced regional trade names ( Euromonitor. com2012 ) . Harmonizing to the research conducted by the Canadian Beverage Association ( 2009 ) . gross revenues tend to be seasonal. with higher ingestion happening during the hotter summer months. Unusually cold or showery conditions during the summer months can hold a negative impact on gross revenues. Aside for carbonated drinks. bottled H2O and fruit juice will be the most profitable in the non carbonated soft drinks in the market. Many factors impacting the gross revenues of soft drinks industry â€Å"Growing wellness consciousness and wellness safety concerns among Filipinos will be the cardinal make up ones minding factors of this growth† † . says an analyst at RNCOS. Other factors. including turning immature population. lifting income and switching consumer penchant are besides likely to add to the growing of wellness drink market in the state ( S. C 2009 ) . Problems Encountered by Soft drinks Industry Harmonizing to the research conducted by the Euromonitor’s squad. the twelvemonth of 2011 is a really ambitious twelvemonth for the soft drinks industry in the Philippines. Because of the economic back bead. shorter summer periods and higher inflationary force per unit area. the industry’s entire volume gross revenues contracted ( Euromonitor. com. 2012 ) . Increased competition from other non-alcoholic drinks. in peculiar bottled H2O. but besides drinks such as fruit/vegetable-based drinks. energy drinks. athleticss drinks and relaxation drinks. has given consumers more beverage picks. Changing consumer penchants and demographics. with a larger section of older consumers who are progressively concerned about their ain wellness. and concerns about fleshiness have resulted in an increased demand for new merchandises ( Canadian Beverage Association. 2009 ) .

The Challenge of Young Man Gro essays

The Challenge of Young Man Gro essays The Challenge of Young Man Growing towards the World of Adults The story A by John Updike is a tale of a young man who is compelled to figure out the difference between cruel reality and obscure fantasy. Using the first person point of view, Updike gives an inside look into the adolescent mind of Sammy, the narrator and main character. The young man feels discontent with his ordinary adult surroundings and tries to get out of the intolerant social atmosphere to seek unconventionality. The setting of A a small grocery store, represents an intolerable society. In addition, the characters, such as the insensible customers, Stokesis and Lengel, add to the feeling of unbearable strictness and monotonousness in this conservative society. On the other hand, the fascinating girl, Queennie, symbolizes longing for the future to the growing young man. Through the main characters conflict between the two types of opposing characters, Updike says that despite fearful uncertainty, Sammys youthful aspirations to be free of tradition make him unwilling to try to meet the unrealistic expectation of society. In this story, the A ...the women generally put on a shirt before they get out of car into the street... (608). So there is no room for stepping beyond the normal and the proper. Sammys life is a tiresome monotonous routine of a checker-board green and cream rubber tile floor (607), regularly ordered and neatly arranged aisles, and the constant noise of the check out slot machine. Furthermore, he is repressed by the electric eyes not allowing anything to escape and by a cash-register-watcher always tripping him up. Such setting o ...

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 3

Assignment Example Following the theory, Walmart Company is fully unethical. It was because of the win lose situation they created. The company becomes the winners and customers were the losers. The health of the consumers got placed at risk due to the company selling food that could make the consumers sick (Spotts 76). It demonstrated that the company did not respect the consumers or care for their welfare. The company did not make the efforts of ensuring the happiness of consumers. They only cared for their own happiness. The company also made themselves unhappy due to cheating on their customers and taking their money. The theory developed by kant also indicates that the company is unethical in a more different ration. The customers lacked a chance of making any decision. There was no information issued to them on the products they were buying as the company held the information. They also gave them false information so that they can have their money. The denial of information hindered the customers from making their own decisions on the product. The most likely decision they would have made is not to consume their products. It was due to the health hazards associated with the meat. The theory of kant also indicates that the company should not consider themselves above the law and also rules. They fully understood the illegal actions they had associated themselves with and were not willing to accept the consequences. The interpretation of the word courage can get done in several ways. The Walmart company did not have to cater or even compensate to the customers they cheated which they did not. The courage to offer an apology or even compensation was not a step towards the right direction (Spotts 26). The company possessed unreasonable desires, therefore, they lied to their customers in the efforts of obtaining happiness and also profit. On the case justice, it was also not present. The company did have fair practices

Constitutional law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constitutional law - Essay Example The probability of preparing laws to protect American citizens will be limited if the Elected Officials safety is not provided in the constitution. In essence, enforcement of laws such as those of prior censorship or prior restraint to protect citizens is bestowed on the Elected Officials. Similarly, absence of such laws will result into subjects approaching their representative and present their perception over certain issues. Thus, laws such as prior censorship or prior restraints have been stipulated to ensure publishers to remain accountable for any publications or communication. Restriction of hearing and distribution of censored material is provided under the prior restraint. However, some regions such as Argentina and U. S impose sanctions after communication of this material. Different cases have been used to affirm this position of the law (Thomas and dale 1). They include Near Vs Minnesota (1931) Near was convicted for publishing a malicious, disreputable, and defamatory ar ticle against Charles G. Davis, a special law enforcement officer. As a result, the defendant was banned from publishing any kind of newspaper. Though the statute to suppress public nuisance of periodicals and newspaper is essential it raises questions of grave significance that transcends local interest s entailed in any particular action. Nevertheless, the ruling was based on the unusual and illegitimate manner the defendant sought to execute his desire. Further, more exposition is brought out through the 1971 New York Times Co. V. United States case. In this case, a court injunction was given to prevent publication of an article rather document that would endanger the nation’s security (Thomas and dale 1). I believe the prior restraint was valid since the first amendment was absolute. Similarly, the 1993 case Hill v. Colorado affirms the restriction of publication or passing of pamphlets to state officials. Restriction of protests around abortion clinics resulted into the 100-foot radius buffer zone. In my opinion, this legislation works in protection of the state officials. Therefore, I believe it is worth concluding that it is unlawful for any individual to hand any form of publication or publish any information that endangers the safety of a nation of state officials (Epstein 45). Question 2 I believe the students are free to hold their ceremony at the school’s graduation square as planned. Concerning Lee v. Weismen court case, the students club had prior knowledge on their rights thus their meetings in a room to use facilities after school was justified. The ruling approved clergies to lead prayers during graduation. As a result, subtle religious coercion emerged due to violation of the Establishment clause. I think acknowledgement of the presence of a supreme is essential thus; their desire to hold a separate graduation is justifiable. In my opinion, the option of not attending the graduation ceremony excuses any coercion or inducement in the ceremony itself is discarded. In the current society, high school graduation is a significant occasion; therefore, no student is free to absent himself or herself from the exercise in any real sense of the term "voluntary." In addition, not dispositive is the disputation that prayers are an essential part of these ceremonies because for many people

Issues of Nurse Prescribing in the UK

Issues of Nurse Prescribing in the UK Introduction The changing face of the NHS is a topic of controversy and debate from the perspectives of professionals and policy makers. The last three decades have seen a transformation in nursing in the United Kingdom, and in the ways that nurses envisage themselves (McCartney et al, 1999). This transformation is only one symptom of a raft of policy changes which have affected the NHS. Evolution of nursing as a profession has seen them moving from being a group labelled the doctors’ handmaidens to a professional group with its own staunchly defended identity (McCartney et al, 1999). This new professionalism has also led to diverse developments and advancements in the role and functions of nurses, with increased autonomy and extended roles which could be viewed as encroachment on medical roles or as ideal management of an already skilled and knowledgeable workforce. As far back as 1986, the Cumberledge report raised the possibility of allowing community nurses to prescribe independently, and several years later the necessary legislation was initiated (McCartney et a, 1999). In 1997, the government established a review of prescribing, supply and administration of medicines, chaired by Dr June Crown (Stephenson, 2000). This became known as the crown report (DH, 1998). It was chiefly concerned with the supply and administration of medicines by group protocols (S tephenson, 2000). A group protocol could be described as a specific written instruction, drawn up locally by doctors and pharmacists, for the supply or administration of named medicines by other health professionals in an identified clinical situation (Stephenson, 2000). A number of authors supported this move and in particular, the ability for nurses to be able to prescribe medications for clients in certain circumstances. However, the implementation of this policy change has been neither uniform or timely. This paper will explore the policy context of the implementation of nurse prescribing, utilising a theoretical framework to examine the laggard nature of the change and the reasons why nurse prescribing remains unfinished business in the professional and policy arena. The theoretical framework used will be the Diffusion of Innovation theory, as defined by Rogers (1962, 1976). Diffusion of Innovation Rogers (1962, 1976) defines the diffusion process as the spread of a new idea from its source of invention or creation to its ultimate users or adopters. This could be considered the macro level of change assimilation or even awareness. However, the notion of diffusion of innovation is more than a macro concept, and Rogers (1962, 1976) further differentiates what he describes as the adoption process from the diffusion process in that the diffusion process occurs within society, as a group process; whereas, the adoption process is individual. In Rogers’ (1962, 1976) opinion, the adoption process is the mental process through which an individual passes from first hearing about an innovation to final adoption. The theoretical construct of chief concern here is that of macro level diffusion of a professional innovation. There are five stages in the Innovation-Decision Process as described by Rogers (1962, 1976) and these will be mapped against the literature below. First knowledge of innovation (Rogers, 1962, 1976). First knowledge of innovation could be pinpointed to the Cumberledge report in 1986, which was a report into community nursing, after which the issue was debated and discussed and entered into the theoretical arena in the healthcare professions and healthcare policy and governance in general. However, Jones (2004) cites the case of nurses who began to make a case for prescriptive authority in 1978. There is varying evidence of how diffuse this knowledge became at a societal and policy level and there is some evidence of widespread resistance in the medical and pharmaceutical professions (Jones, 2004). It is important to remember that for some critics, nurse prescribing does not necessarily constitute something entirely innovative. Nurses already perform a number of roles which require full knowledge of medications, but there may be issues about education and skill levels across nurses educated in different places (King, 2004). If there are questions already about nurses’ knowledge and ability around medications, then the preliminary debate about this issue (which extended over two decades) is understandable. Forming an attitude toward the innovation (Rogers, 1962, 1976) A number of attitudes towards this innovation are apparent in the literature. For example, Jones (2004) suggests that implementation of this innovation would be characterized by political machination, the need to construct an effective case, and deft manoeuvring within the corridors of power. This raises issues to do with the context within which the innovation takes place, as already discussed. Jones (2004) also alludes to the district nurses who presented a case in the 1970s, and the RCN who continued to press that case further. This also relates to Rogers’ (1962, 1976) description of some of the factors or prior conditions that affect the innovation-decision process, such as previous practice (which may influence the decision makers in a positive or a negative way), and the norms of the social systems in which the innovation is taking place. The firmly entrenched hierarchical norms of the NHS and healthcare systems in general could be viewed as the biggest hindrance to nurs e prescribing, and so forming an attitude towards the innovation, for all the key players within the system. A decision to adopt or reject (Rogers, 1962, 1976) The decision to adopt the innovation occurred piecemeal and somewhat sequentially in time. Jones (2004) states that it was after much initial scepticism and a good deal of negotiation that a tacit agreement between nursing, medicine and pharmacy was reached in 1988. Subsequently, the RCN wree able to cause the government to initiate the Crown report in 1989. However, there were limitations to this decision, in that it was restricted to health visitors and district nurses who would be able to prescribe by virtue of them having post registration qualifications that marked them as competent in this advanced field (Jones, 2004). Implementation of the new idea (Rogers, 1962, 1976). It is this stage which is the most problematic in relation to nurse prescribing, perhaps due to the nature of adoption across the wider NHS context. Nurse prescribing is sanctioned, but remains a locally differentiated policy with apparent piecemeal implementation. This could raise issues of quality and also the ability to evaluate the effects and impact of nurse prescribing at the macro level. Despite the adoption of the principle, there was a distinct lack of action in moving the agenda forward, and it was some time before the bill was passed through Parliament in 1992 (Jones, 2004). The literature shows that the legislation passed in 1992, and in 1994 nurse prescribing began in eight demonstration sites (Bates, 2002). Following this pilot, a national roll out of nurse prescribing began in 1998 (Bates, 2002). This, however, applied only to nurses with district nurse of health visitor qualifications working in the community and employed by an NHS Trust or GP (Bates, 2002). Confirmation of the decision. Confirmation of the decision can also be seen within the literature, in that in 1999 there was a review of prescribing, which then recommended that prescribing rights be extended to include other groups of nurses and other health professionals (Bates, 2002). Subsequent to this, the NHS Plan (2002) clearly supported the recommendations and it was posited that by 2004, nurses should be able to prescribe independently, or supply medicines in Patient Group directions in four areas: minor illness, minor injury, health promotion and palliative care, within the aegis of a Nurse Prescribing formulary (Bates, 2004). Bates (2004) stated that there were approximately 22000 nurse prescribers in the UK, 3000 of which were in Scotland (at the time of her article). This suggests that there is widespread confirmation of the decision through demonstrable changes in practice. It is also notable that nurse prescribing has further progressed towards supplementary nurse prescribing, which allows nurses a nd other health professionals to prescribe for a patient who has been through an initial assessment by a doctor, in accordance with a clinical management plan (NHS Scotland, 2002). It should be noted that prior conditions affect the innovation-decision process. Prior conditions include previous practice, felt needs/problems, innovativeness, and norms of the social systems (Rogers, 1962, 1976). Consequences of Innovations (Rogers, 1962, 1976). Any discussion of the innovation-decision process, must also consider the consequences or changes that can occur to a social system as a result of the adoption of an innovation. Rogers (1962, 1976) identifies three consequences or changes. Desirable versus undesirable consequences The primary purpose of nurse prescribing is to give maximum benefit to patients and the NHS, whilst also supporting quicker and more efficient access to healthcare while promoting a more flexible use of the skills of the existing workforce (Bates, 2002). This however could be a somewhat idealistic view of general nurse prescribing. While for many nurses it may enhance their ability to provide care, others may consider that it simply adds to their already onerous workload. There may also be ethical issues, perhaps through conflicts between personal, official and legal senses of duty for nurses, which could result in cognitive dissonance between their conceptual model of their nursing role and the new directives to extend this role in to a traditionally medical area of responsibility. Nolan et al (2001) in a study of mental health nurses’ perceptions of nurse prescribing found that most of their respondents felt that this would significantly improve clients’ access to medication, improve compliance, prevent relapse, and prove cost effective. However, the same respondents also felt that they may not have sufficient knowledge and skills to assume responsibility for prescribing (Nolan et al, 2001). In this case, as elsewhere, nurse prescribing is a double-edged sword, but it seem from this research that the nurses felt that the benefits outweighed their concerns, and their concerns were, after all, possible to overcome through additional training. Direct versus indirect consequences. Some of the indirect consequences may be easier to appreciate than the direct consequences, while some of the direct consequences may be less popular, in a sense, because they benefit members of the institutional system in ways less acceptable to some of the professionally defined or client-defined groups within the system. For example, if the direct consequence of nurse prescribing is a reduction in doctors’ workloads, this will benefit doctors, and may indirectly benefit patients by providing more or better quality doctor-patient contact, and patient outcomes. But there is no evidence so suggest that this rather optimistic viewpoint could be true. A reduction in doctors’ workloads may demonstrate no improvement in patient care, but an increase in nurses’ workloads could be viewed as having more potential indirect consequences for the patient experience. Deontological debates also raise this issue, and the question is where does the duty of the nurse truly lie? Another indirect consequence of the innovation might be the burden placed on nurses to conform to this professional development and to adhere to the directive. Nurses who do not wish this level of responsibility and autonomy may suffer personally and professionally, finding themselves non-conformists through no fault of their own. However, if another consequence is an enhancement in the status (and pay) of nurses, nurses who prefer not to prescribe could be viewed as holding the profession back. Anticipated versus unanticipated consequences. It is difficult to evaluate the anticipated consequences against the unanticipated ones, given that there is little literature discussing these. Some anticipated consequences might relate to improvements in medication education by nurses (Rycroft-Malone et al, 2000), whereby the nurses will be more knowledgeable, competent and perhaps confident in this activity. This is an important issue in the modern healthcare service where consumerism has become one of the most powerful driving and defining forces (Rycroft-Malone et al, 2001). It is this kind of consumer power which contributes to future policy direction, after all, although the current rhetoric, with its implicit assumption that greater consumer involvement in health care is both desirable and beneficial (Rycroft-Malone, 2001), could be challenged by those who believe that the conferred authority of medicine (and nursing) should take the lead. This author can only project certain consequences, some of which may relate to consume r power and the negotiation of power dynamics between different groups. However, it is debateable if these could be considered anticipated or foreseeable consequences. Another anticipated consequence of this innovation is the close evaluation of the innovation, with inevitable close scrutiny of the nursing profession and its actions in response to the new powers and responsibilities. Latter and Courtenay (2004) in a review of evaluations of nurse prescribing found that the initiative had been largely successful. However, they also identify areas for much further scrutiny and consideration, such as gaps in the knowledge base about prescribing, the nature of the evidence about nurse prescribing, and the need to evaluate the extension of prescribing powers to nurses working outside the initially defined settings (Latter and Courtenay, 2004). It would appear that the nurse-patient relationship may be a positive dimension of patients’ perceptions of nurse prescribing, but there is a need to further evaluate the more intermittent contacts that patients may experience with nurses in certain settings (Latter and Courtenay, 2004). McKenna and Keeney (2004) found that there is still a lack of understanding of the roles of, in particular, community and specialist nurses, but that there is public support for nurse prescribing. Questions still remain about nurses’ ability to be effective in working outside their standard professional area (McKenna and Keeney, 2004). This raises questions about the consequences for nurses in how they interact with their clients, and suggests that nurse prescribing may contribute to changing the professional ‘face’ of nursing. Conclusion The modernisation of the NHS, with its emphasis on timely and effective delivery of services, has been a key factor in the implementation of nurse prescribing and its development into independent prescribing, even into the hospital setting (Clegg et al, 2006). The history of nurse prescribing demonstrates the drive for professional growth in certain areas, sanctioned by changes in the context of service delivery, but hampered by traditional roles and concepts of professional domain. Debates also consider the challenges of training, legal issues, professional issues, budgetary and practical issues surrounding nurse prescribing (Clegg et al, 2004). What is most apparent from this examination of the literature, however, is that while the embryonic stage of nurse prescribing is long gone, the innovation is still undergoing a process of growth and maturation, which is persistently emergent and therefore leaving the status of the profession in relation to this issue largely unformed. This examination of nurse prescribing has shown that change spreads by a process of diffusion, which could be viewed in retrospect as a piecemeal process driven from different directions and according to the perhaps hidden agendas of different agencies, such as nurses, the government, and the consumer. More research is required to examine the ongoing growth and consequences of this innovation, for the professions and the clients, now that it has become an established part of healthcare practice in the UK. 2,500 Words References Bates, C. (2002) Independent nurse prescribing. RCM Midwives Journal 5 (2) 63. Berry, D., Courtenay, M. and Versellini, E. (2006) Attitudes towards, and information needs in relation to, supplementary nurse prescribing in the UK: an empirical study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 15 22-28. Crown, J. (2003) Bringing practice up to date: progress with nurse prescribing. Nurse Prescribing 1 (2) 56-58. Gooch, S. and Bennett, G. (1999) Extending prescribing: nurse prescribing and the Crown Review. Hospital Medicine 60 (10) 718-721. Jones, M. (2004) Case Report. Nurse prescribing: a case study in policy influence. Journal of Nursing Management 12 266-272. King, R.L. (2004) Nurses’ perceptions of their pharmacology educational needs. Journal of Advanced Nursing 45 (4) 392-400. Laresen, D. (2004) Issues affecting the growth of independent prescribing. Nursing Standard 22 (19) 33-39. Latter, S. and Courtenay, M. (2004) Effectiveness of nurse prescribing: a review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Nursing 13 26-32. McCartney, W., Tyrer, S., Bracier, M. and Prayle, D. (1999) Nurse prescribing: radicalism or tokenism? Journal of Advanced Nursing 29 (2) 348-354. McKenna, H. and Keeney, S. (2004) Community nursing: health professional and public perceptions. Journal of Advanced Nursing 48 (1) 17-25. NHS Scotland (2002) Extending Independent Nurse Prescribing within NHS Scotland http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2002/09/15042/8426. Nolan, P., Hage, S., Badger, F. et al (2001) Mental health nurses’ perceptions of nurse prescribing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 36 (4) 527-534. Rogers, E. M. New Product Adoption and Diffusion. Journal of Consumer Research. Volume 2 March 1976 pp. 290 -301. Rogers, E. M. (1962). Diffusion of Innovations. The Free Press. New York. Rycroft-Malone, J., Latter, S., Yerrell, P. and Shaw, D. (2001) Consumerism in health care: thecase of medication education. Journal of Nursing Management. 9 2221-230. Rycroft-Malone, J., Latter, S., Yerrell, P. and Shaw, D. (2000) Nursing and medication education. Nursing Standard 35-39. Stephenson, T. (2000) Implications of the Crown Report and nurse prescribing. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 83 (3) 199-202.

Function of E-Book Essay

Books are no doubt the main element in teaching and learning activities. As we all know printed books have already been used for a very long time. However in this modern era, books in electronic forms (eBooks) are taking place. EBooks had already been introduced not only for adults but children too. Finally, eBooks are already evolving slowly to take place in teaching and learning. A powerful stimulus for the production of a range of electronic instrument for education has been provided by the latest technology inventions. Numerous ideas and educational materials are invented and extensively published electronically to support the field of teaching and learning, however it is still unclear how far all of this is of use among the students and teachers when it comes to the virtual teaching and learning. Suggestions on how to improve the quality of the products and materials that are already available are still in great demand as the existing electronic books have not completely replaced the physical counterpart. The gap between utilitarian and usefulness is quite wide to prove the lack of effectiveness of the first generation of e-books, and the progress of e-books has been led majorly by technology instead of the user’s demand. In the education field, E-books can be found in various type of media instrument like CD-Rom, the internet and in any portable reading materials. Variety types of element are implemented in e-books, for example fiction and non-fiction. A textbook is a source of information on a particular subject. An electronic textbook on the other hand is almost the same but it is more special as e-textbook is an e-book that has a content of educational material for teaching and learning process. E-textbooks are now officially known as educational source that have already published electronically to help in both teaching and learning methods. They are ready to be used within a computer environment, through media such as internet or CD-ROM. In the early 1990s, the spread of educational multimedia was surprisingly very fast and it was proven by the people that it is more beneficial when converting printed publication into electronic form. Apart from that, it has been discussed that e-book is basically implemented to improve the process of studying outside the classroom, and as time goes by, a technological instrument was made where a powerful incentive is created to invent such electronic material for the students. It is better for the people to be updated to any information to learn by using e-book as printed books are always out-of-date and are only replaced with an average of eight years. Limitless and faster access to any latest news and information can be experienced via electronic learning (Hamilton et al., 2001). It was said that electronic education will benefit a lot of people because of its capability to enhance the co-operation and among the students and the teachers (Hambrecht, 2000). Apart from that, higher success rate can be seen. However more effort should be contributed towards promoting e-book among the new generations as financial support plays an important role in this matte (Wilson, 2003). Similar to the ordinary printed books, e-book helps the readers to understand and focus on important messages by underlining them and writing simple notes. In addition, e-books are user-friendly too as it is installed with portable dictionary program which made it easier to look up for unfamiliar words. E-book has definitely made the teaching and learning process to be more interesting than ever because the user get to watch clips and interact with a variety of specialities. It has been proven that the youngsters can gain a lot from the added applications (Maynard and McKnight, 2001). At schools, e-textbooks on the other hand will reduce the number of printed textbooks that not only burden both the teachers and students carrying them to-and-fro around the school compound. This enables the teacher to easily bring the notes including the exercises to be given to the student which thus increases the effectiveness of teaching. With the presence if the electronic book, space can be saved which particularly helps a lot in places mainly the libraries. Decades ago, e-books were not preferred because the prices were too high. In the year 2000, the production of e-books have became larger and the cost of each e-book is lowered (Mayfield, 2000). This indicates that a major procedure in promoting the usage of e-textbooks in school had been done. Another form of e-book, CD-ROM also known as the copy of the encyclopedia is also famous among the students nowadays. They can easily get copies of the syllabus of their subjects in order for them to study back at home and easily bring the topics for discussion among their peers. Another branch of e-book, Hypertextbooks is a famous instrument of interactive studying on the internet in the western country. This electronic file containing the learning materials enables the user to study at their own rhythm and the students will send their assignment to the respective person through email. This concludes that with the upgrading of the process of studying, the students will no longer have the reason not to send their assignments on time. Top of the information, at schools teachers will have no problem to control the class because the students will be more focused and enthusiastic to carry on with their assignments compared to the printed pages. Even though e-textbooks can contribute towards the improvement in assisting the process of teaching and learning, there are still factors that resist their acceptance such as the insufficient number of computers and labs and the low number of publishers. This signifies that e-book can help in the education field but the chance to make it a reality might prove problematic. According to Hambrecht’s theory, it is believed that e-education is potential in bringing the students and teachers to come together as one in order to enhance the class session’s activities (Hambrecht, 2000). The research about CD-ROM clarified that users will be more interested to learn and use their resources. The children especially, find that learning is more fun with the presence of beautiful graphics and sound effects. This thus motivates them to continue to learn more which in return will boost their thinking skills. Teachers on the other hand love this way of teaching as it is both entertaining and educational. The e-book users prefer to use this modern way of learning because of the more presentable format which brings a brand new perspective towards the people to experience a more lively way of reading especially the story book lovers. Children once exposed to the usage of e-book they will be used to electronic devices and in future, they will no longer rely on the old traditional method which is the printed book. Electronic texts are no doubt a passage for the generation to get an easy access in education for further study and analysis. The fertile ground for the improvement of teaching and learning, e-book, can benefit the generations greatly in terms of the enjoyment of interesting studying method. As a conclusion, the educators should look into this matter more clearly and make an effort to add electronic texts in their teachings if they haven’t start doing so. Cooperation among the parents and the educators are the key to success to make a change to the younger generations. This foundation will for sure end the upcoming obstacle in generating intellectual students. Reference Hambrecht, W. (2000), Exploring a New Frontier, Corporate E-Learning. Hamilton, R. , Richards, C. and Sharp, C. (2001), â€Å"An examination of e-learning and e-books†, available at: www. dcs. napier. ac. uk/ , mm/socbytes/jun2001/Jun2001_9. htm (accessed 20 November 2010) Mayfield, K. (2000), â€Å" Read a g ood e-textbook lately? †, Wired News, available at: www. wired. com/news/culture/0,1284,38059,00. html (accessed 12 November 2010). Maynard, S. and McKnight, C. (2001a), â€Å"Children’s comprehension of electronic books: an empirical study†, The New Review of Children’s Literature and Librarianship, Vol. 7, pp. 29-53. Maynard, S. and McKnight, C. (2001b), â€Å"Electronic books for children in UK public libraries†, The Electronic Library, Vol. 19 No. 6, pp. 405-23. Sally Maynard, Emily Cheyne, (2005) â€Å"Can electronic textbooks help children to learn? â€Å", Electronic Library, The, Vol. 23 Iss: 1, pp. 103 – 115. November,25, 2010 http://www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? articleid=1464898 Wilson, R. (2003), â€Å"E-education in the UK†, Journal of Digital Information, Vol. 3 No. 4.